20–22 Nov 2026
The WINC Aichi
Asia/Tokyo timezone

Labor insecurity: emotional and financial struggles of ALTs

20 Nov 2026, 17:05
30m
The WINC Aichi

The WINC Aichi

Research-oriented Presentation (30-minutes) TD: Teacher Development Room 1105

Speakers

John-Guy PerremMr Corey Reed (Muroran IT)

Description

This interview based study explores how Assistant Language Teachers (ALTs) in Hokkaido experience contract insecurity, professional recognition, and team-teaching realities across JET, dispatch, and direct-hire employment. Using semi-structured interviews with ten ALTs, we examine job security, finances, and collaboration with Japanese Teachers of English. The session offers evidence-informed recommendations for schools and boards of education to better integrate ALTs and reduce the emotional costs of the position.

Abstract section 2: Contribution/research questions

We ask: (1) How do ALTs describe job security and employment conditions? (2) Do they feel respected and recognized as educators? (3) What financial challenges shape their professional and personal lives? (4) How do ALTs navigate classroom interactions and collaborate with Japanese Teachers of English (JTEs)?

Abstract section 5: References

Binns, A., & Johnston, S.-K. (2021). Impact of assistant language teachers on English education in Shizuoka. In P. Ferguson & R. Derrah (Eds.), Reflections and New Perspectives: JALT2021 Conference Proceedings (pp. 89–96). JALT.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Flynn, C. (2009). ALT furniture: A look at dispatch ALT contracts. The Language Teacher, 33(5), 39–40.

General Union. (2024, July 19). General Union’s groundbreaking ALT survey gains national attention. ALT News.

Kalleberg, A. L. (2009). Precarious work, insecure workers: Employment relations in transition. American Sociological Review, 74(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240907400101

Mahoney, S. (2004). Role controversy among team teachers in the JET Programme. JALT Journal, 26(2), 223–244.

Miyagawa, J. (2024, August 19). English teachers in Japan left in near poverty by paltry pay. The Asahi Shimbun.

Abstract section 1: Relevance

Japan’s ALT workforce has shifted toward cost-cutting dispatch employment, intensifying precarious conditions and limiting institutional inclusion (Flynn, 2009; Kalleberg, 2009; Miyagawa, 2024). While research has documented role ambiguity and uneven team teaching (Mahoney, 2004; Binns & Johnston, 2021), few studies connect labor precarity, recognition, and classroom practice within Hokkaido.

Abstract section 3: Content/method

Ten ALTs working in urban/suburban and rural Hokkaido (JET, dispatch, and direct-hire) completed 45–60 minute semi-structured interviews in English. ALT experiences were compared across contract types and school levels. Informed consent was obtained in all cases.

Abstract section 4: Outcomes/results

The presentation will share themes showing how contract status intersects with precarity, financial strain and emotional challenges linked to low wages and uncompensated hours (General Union, 2024), and the range of ALT–JTE collaboration in team-taught lessons. Implications will be discussed for boards of education, dispatch providers, and schools seeking clearer role definitions and more sustainable team-teaching practices.

Title Labor insecurity: emotional and financial struggles of ALTs
Teaching Context Assistant language teachers

Authors

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